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The Ramapough Mountain Indians (also spelled Ramapo), also known as the Ramapough Lenape Nation or Ramapough Lunaape Munsee Delaware Nation, are a group of approximately 5,000 people living around the Ramapo Mountains of Bergen and Passaic counties in northern New Jersey and Rockland County in southern New York, about 25 miles (40 km) from New York City. They were recognized in 1980 by the state of New Jersey as the Ramapough Lenape Nation but have not gained federal recognition. Their tribal office is located on Stag Hill Road on Houvenkopf Mountain in Mahwah, New Jersey. Since January 2007, the chief of the Ramapough Lenape Nation has been Dwaine Perry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ramapoughlenapenation.org/?page_id=126 )〕 The Ramapough Lenape Indian Nation are descendants of Lenape, whose regional bands included the Hackensack, Tappan, Rumachenanck/Haverstroo, Munsee/Minisink and Ramapo people. They absorbed peoples of varying degrees of Tuscaroran, African, and Dutch and other European ancestry.〔Pritchard, Evan T. (2002), ''Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York'', Council Oak Books, pp. 265–271, ISBN 978-1-57178-135-2〕 The Lenape language in this area was Munsee and the Tuscarora spoke an Iroquoian language but, following contact with European colonists, ancestors of the Ramapough Lenape Indian Nation were also known to have spoken Jersey Dutch and English. Today they speak English.〔Kraft, Herbert C. (1986), ''The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography'', New Jersey Historical Society, Newark, NJ. p. 241, ISBN 978-0-911020-14-4〕 The Ramapough are working to restore the Munsee language among their members.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 2012-09-23 )〕 The Ramapough Lenape Nation, the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation, and the Powhatan Renape Nation have a longstanding history of working together to care for members in the state of New Jersey. As of May 2011, the three tribes formed the United State-Recognized Tribes of New Jersey.〔("Resolution of Agreement Regarding Class III Gaming and Land Claims between the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation, the Ramapough Lenape Nation, and the Powhatan Renape Nation" ). 2011.〕 Members of the community have participated in litigation against the Ford Motor Company regarding poisoning from a former toxic waste landfill, portions of which were subsequently used in the 1970s as sites for affordable housing for the Ramapough people. ==Recognition== The Ramapough and two other tribes were recognized as Indian tribes in 1980 by the state of New Jersey by Resolution 3031. The New Jersey citation read: Be it resolved by the General Assembly of the State of New Jersey (the Senate concurring): 1. That the Ramapough Mountain People of the Ramapough Mountains of Bergen and Passaic counties, descendants of the Iroquois and Algonquin nations, are hereby designated by the State of New Jersey as the Ramapough Indians.〔Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 3031, State of New Jersey, filed January 8, 1980.〕 They claim to have been recognized by the State of New York by Legislative Resolution 86 in 1979.〔Ramapough Mountain Indian Final Determination, CD-6, file 6_4.pdf p. AR029381 (available as a matter of public record from the BIA under the Freedom of Information Act)〕 According to Alexa Koenig and Jonathan Stein, who have reviewed state recognition processes and state-recognized, New York does not have a separate process of recognition of Indian tribes and never recognized the Ramapough. It recognized the Shinnecock and one other tribe under independent criteria.〔(Alexa Koenig and Jonathan Stein, "Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A Survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes across the United States" ), ''Santat Clara Law Review'', Vol. 48, 2007, p 101. Retrieved February 21, 2011. Note: On page 129, they note that the Ramapough Mountain Indians had not been recognized by the state of New York; only the Shinnecock and one other tribe have been.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ramapough Mountain Indians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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